but after 10 m. minute irregular granules of protoplasm could be
detected, which soon increased into irregular masses and globules of a
greenish or very pale purple tint; but these never formed perfect
spheres, though incessantly changing their shapes and positions.
With moderately red leaves the first effect of a solution of the
carbonate generally is the formation of two or three, or of several,
extremely minute purple spheres which rapidly increase in size. To give
an idea of the rate at which such spheres increase in size, I may
mention that a rather pale purple leaf placed under a slip of glass was
given a drop of a solution of one part to 292 of water, and in 13 m. a
few minute spheres of protoplasm were formed; one of these, after 2
hrs. 30 m., was about two-thirds of the diameter of the cell. After 4
hrs. 25 m. [page 46] it nearly equalled the cell in diameter; and a
second sphere about half as large as the first, together with a few
other minute ones, were formed. After 6 hrs. the fluid in which these
spheres floated was almost colourless. After 8 hrs. 35 m. (always
reckoning from the time when the solution was first added) four new
minute spheres had appeared. Next morning, after 22 hrs., there were,
besides the two large spheres, seven smaller ones, floating in
absolutely colourless fluid, in which some flocculent greenish matter
was suspended.
At the commencement of the process of aggregation, more especially in
dark red leaves, the contents of the cells often present a different
appearance, as if the layer of protoplasm (primordial utricle) which
lines the cells had separated itself and shrunk from the walls; an
irregularly shaped purple bag being thus formed. Other fluids, besides
a solution of the carbonate, for instance an infusion of raw meat,
produce this same effect. But the appearance of the primordial utricle
shrinking from the walls is certainly false;* for before giving the
solution, I saw on several occasions that the walls were lined with
colourless flowing protoplasm, and after the bag-like masses were
formed, the protoplasm was still flowing along the walls in a
conspicuous manner, even more so than before. It appeared indeed as if
the stream of protoplasm was strengthened by the action of the
carbonate, but it was impossible to ascertain whether this was really
the case. The bag-like masses, when once formed, soon begin to glide
slowly round the cells, sometimes sending out projections which
separate into little spheres; other spheres appear in the fluid
40