ones. An adopted kitten scratched this affectionate baboon, who
certainly had a fine intellect, for she was much astonished at being
scratched, and immediately examined the kitten s feet, and without more
ado bit off the claws. (11. A critic, without any grounds ( Quarterly
Review, July 1871, p. 72), disputes the possibility of this act as
described by Brehm, for the sake of discrediting my work. Therefore I
tried, and found that I could readily seize with my own teeth the sharp
little claws of a kitten nearly five weeks old.) In the Zoological
Gardens, I heard from the keeper that an old baboon (C. chacma) had
adopted a Rhesus monkey; but when a young drill and mandrill were
placed in the cage, she seemed to perceive that these monkeys, though
distinct species, were her nearer relatives, for she at once rejected
the Rhesus and adopted both of them. The young Rhesus, as I saw, was
greatly discontented at being thus rejected, and it would, like a
naughty child, annoy and attack the young drill and mandrill whenever
it could do so with safety; this conduct exciting great indignation in
the old baboon. Monkeys will also, according to Brehm, defend their
master when attacked by any one, as well as dogs to whom they are
attached, from the attacks of other dogs. But we here trench on the
subjects of sympathy and fidelity, to which I shall recur. Some of
Brehm s monkeys took much delight in teasing a certain old dog whom
they disliked, as well as other animals, in various ingenious ways.
Most of the more complex emotions are common to the higher animals and
ourselves. Every one has seen how jealous a dog is of his master s
affection, if lavished on any other creature; and I have observed the
same fact with monkeys. This shews that animals not only love, but have
desire to be loved. Animals manifestly feel emulation. They love
approbation or praise; and a dog carrying a basket for his master
exhibits in a high degree self-complacency or pride. There can, I
think, be no doubt that a dog feels shame, as distinct from fear, and
something very like modesty when begging too often for food. A great
dog scorns the snarling of a little dog, and this may be called
magnanimity. Several observers have stated that monkeys certainly
dislike being laughed at; and they sometimes invent imaginary offences.
In the Zoological Gardens I saw a baboon who always got into a furious
rage when his keeper took out a letter or book and read it aloud to
him; and his rage was so violent that, as I witnessed on one occasion,
he bit his own leg till the blood flowed. Dogs shew what may be fairly
called a sense of humour, as distinct from mere play; if a bit of stick
82