Geoffroy St.-Hilaire and F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. des Mamm. tom. i. See
also, on H. lar, Penny Cyclopedia, vol. ii. pp. 149, 150.) Lastly,
male monkeys, like men, are bolder and fiercer than the females. They
lead the troop, and when there is danger, come to the front. We thus
see how close is the parallelism between the sexual differences of man
and the Quadrumana. With some few species, however, as with certain
baboons, the orang and the gorilla, there is a considerably greater
difference between the sexes, as in the size of the canine teeth, in
the development and colour of the hair, and especially in the colour of
the naked parts of the skin, than in mankind.
All the secondary sexual characters of man are highly variable, even
within the limits of the same race; and they differ much in the several
races. These two rules hold good generally throughout the animal
kingdom. In the excellent observations made on board the Novara (12.
The results were deduced by Dr. Weisbach from the measurements made by
Drs. K. Scherzer and Schwarz, see Reise der Novara: Anthropolog.
Theil, 1867, ss. 216, 231, 234, 236, 239, 269.), the male Australians
were found to exceed the females by only 65 millim. in height, whilst
with the Javans the average excess was 218 millim.; so that in this
latter race the difference in height between the sexes is more than
thrice as great as with the Australians. Numerous measurements were
carefully made of the stature, the circumference of the neck and chest,
the length of the back-bone and of the arms, in various races; and
nearly all these measurements shew that the males differ much more from
one another than do the females. This fact indicates that, as far as
these characters are concerned, it is the male which has been chiefly
modified, since the several races diverged from their common stock.
The development of the beard and the hairiness of the body differ
remarkably in the men of distinct races, and even in different tribes
or families of the same race. We Europeans see this amongst ourselves.
In the Island of St. Kilda, according to Martin (13. Voyage to St.
Kilda (3rd ed. 1753), p. 37.), the men do not acquire beards until the
age of thirty or upwards, and even then the beards are very thin. On
the Europaeo-Asiatic continent, beards prevail until we pass beyond
India; though with the natives of Ceylon they are often absent, as was
noticed in ancient times by Diodorus. (14. Sir J.E. Tennent, Ceylon,
vol. ii. 1859, p. 107.) Eastward of India beards disappear, as with the
Siamese, Malays, Kalmucks, Chinese, and Japanese; nevertheless, the
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