woman. His body, and especially his face, is more hairy, and his voice
has a different and more powerful tone. In certain races the women are
said to differ slightly in tint from the men. For instance,
Schweinfurth, in speaking of a negress belonging to the Monbuttoos, who
inhabit the interior of Africa a few degrees north of the equator,
says, Like all her race, she had a skin several shades lighter than
her husband s, being something of the colour of half-roasted coffee.
(2. The Heart of Africa, English transl. 1873, vol i. p. 544.) As the
women labour in the fields and are quite unclothed, it is not likely
that they differ in colour from the men owing to less exposure to the
weather. European women are perhaps the brighter coloured of the two
sexes, as may be seen when both have been equally exposed.
Man is more courageous, pugnacious and energetic than woman, and has a
more inventive genius. His brain is absolutely larger, but whether or
not proportionately to his larger body, has not, I believe, been fully
ascertained. In woman the face is rounder; the jaws and the base of the
skull smaller; the outlines of the body rounder, in parts more
prominent; and her pelvis is broader than in man (3. Ecker,
translation, in Anthropological Review, Oct. 1868, pp. 351-356. The
comparison of the form of the skull in men and women has been followed
out with much care by Welcker.); but this latter character may perhaps
be considered rather as a primary than a secondary sexual character.
She comes to maturity at an earlier age than man.
As with animals of all classes, so with man, the distinctive characters
of the male sex are not fully developed until he is nearly mature; and
if emasculated they never appear. The beard, for instance, is a
secondary
sexual character, and male children are beardless, though at an early
age they have abundant hair on the head. It is probably due to the
rather late appearance in life of the successive variations whereby man
has acquired his masculine characters, that they are transmitted to the
male sex alone. Male and female children resemble each other closely,
like the young of so many other animals in which the adult sexes differ
widely; they likewise resemble the mature female much more closely than
the mature male. The female, however, ultimately assumes certain
distinctive characters, and in the formation of her skull, is said to
be intermediate between the child and the man. (4. Ecker and Welcker,
579