prominences on the upper jaw above the nostrils. A boar of this species
in the Zoological Gardens recently broke into the cage of the wart-hog.
They fought all night long, and were found in the morning much
exhausted, but not seriously wounded. It is a significant fact, as
shewing the purposes of the above-described projections and
excrescences, that these were covered with blood, and were scored and
abraded in an extraordinary manner.
Although the males of so many members of the pig family are provided
with weapons, and as we have just seen with means of defence, these
weapons seem to have been acquired within a rather late geological
period. Dr. Forsyth Major specifies (41. Atti della Soc. Italiana di
Sc. Nat. 1873, vol. xv. fasc. iv.) several miocene species, in none of
which do the tusks appear to have been largely developed in the males;
and Professor Rutimeyer was formerly struck with this same fact.
The mane of the lion forms a good defence against the attacks of rival
lions, the one danger to which he is liable; for the males, as Sir A.
Smith informs me, engage in terrible battles, and a young lion dares
not approach an old one. In 1857 a tiger at Bromwich broke into the
cage of a lion and a fearful scene ensued: the lion s mane saved his
neck and head from being much injured, but the tiger at last succeeded
in ripping up his belly, and in a few minutes he was dead. (42. The
Times, Nov. 10, 1857. In regard to the Canada lynx, see Audubon and
Bachman, Quadrupeds of North America, 1846, p. 139.) The broad ruff
round the throat and chin of the Canadian lynx (Felis canadensis) is
much longer in the male than in the female; but whether it serves as a
defence I do not know. Male seals are well known to fight desperately
together, and the males of certain kinds (Otaria jubata) (43. Dr.
Murie, on Otaria, Proc. Zoolog. Soc. 1869, p. 109. Mr. J.A. Allen, in
the paper above quoted (p. 75), doubts whether the hair, which is
longer on the neck in the male than in the female, deserves to be
called a mane.) have great manes, whilst the females have small ones or
none. The male baboon of the Cape of Good Hope (Cynocephalus porcarius)
has a much longer mane and larger canine teeth than the female; and the
mane probably serves as a protection, for, on asking the keepers in the
Zoological Gardens, without giving them any clue to my object, whether
any of the monkeys especially attacked each other by the nape of the
neck, I was answered that this was not the case, except with the above
baboon. In the Hamadryas baboon, Ehrenberg compares the mane of the
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