for a few seconds, as if to gather energy, they dart at each other
furiously, rolling over and over, and holding firmly with their teeth.
The conflict generally ends in one of the combatants losing his tail,
which is often devoured by the victor. The male of this species is
considerably larger than the female (65. Mr. N.L. Austen kept these
animals alive for a considerable time; see Land and Water, July 1867,
p. 9.); and this, as far as Dr. Gunther has been able to ascertain, is
the general rule with lizards of all kinds. The male alone of the
Cyrtodactylus rubidus of the Andaman Islands possesses pre-anal pores;
and these pores, judging from analogy, probably serve to emit an odour.
(66. Stoliczka, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, vol. xxxiv.
1870, p. 166.)
[Fig.33. Sitana minor. Male with the gular pouch expanded (from
Gunther s Reptiles of India ) ]
The sexes often differ greatly in various external characters. The male
of the above-mentioned Anolis is furnished with a crest which runs
along the back and tail, and can be erected at pleasure; but of this
crest the female does not exhibit a trace. In the Indian Cophotis
ceylanica, the female has a dorsal crest, though much less developed
than in the male; and so it is, as Dr. Gunther informs me, with the
females of many Iguanas, Chameleons, and other lizards. In some
species, however, the crest is equally developed in both sexes, as in
the Iguana tuberculata. In the genus Sitana, the males alone are
furnished with a large throat pouch (Fig. 33), which can be folded up
like a fan, and is coloured blue, black, and red; but these splendid
colours are exhibited only during the pairing-season. The female does
not possess even a rudiment of this appendage. In the Anolis
cristatellus, according to Mr. Austen, the throat pouch, which is
bright red marbled with yellow, is present in the female, though in a
rudimental condition. Again, in certain other lizards, both sexes are
equally well provided with throat pouches. Here we see with species
belonging to the same group, as in so many previous cases, the same
character either confined to the males, or more largely developed in
them than in the females, or again equally developed in both sexes. The
little lizards of the genus Draco, which glide through the air on their
rib-supported parachutes, and which in the beauty of their colours
baffle description, are furnished with skinny appendages to the throat
like the wattles of gallinaceous birds. These become erected when the
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