appears to have acted powerfully on innumerable animals. It can further
be shewn that the differences between the races of man, as in colour,
hairiness, form of features, etc., are of a kind which might have been
expected to come under the influence of sexual selection. But in order
to treat this subject properly, I have found it necessary to pass the
whole animal kingdom in review. I have therefore devoted to it the
Second Part of this work. At the close I shall return to man, and,
after attempting to shew how far he has been modified through sexual
selection, will give a brief summary of the chapters in this First
Part.
NOTE ON THE RESEMBLANCES AND DIFFERENCES IN THE STRUCTURE AND THE
DEVELOPMENT OF THE BRAIN IN MAN AND APES BY PROFESSOR HUXLEY, F.R.S.
The controversy respecting the nature and the extent of the differences
in the structure of the brain in man and the apes, which arose some
fifteen years ago, has not yet come to an end, though the subject
matter of the dispute is, at present, totally different from what it
was formerly. It was originally asserted and re-asserted, with singular
pertinacity, that the brain of all the apes, even the highest, differs
from that of man, in the absence of such conspicuous structures as the
posterior lobes of the cerebral hemispheres, with the posterior cornu
of the lateral ventricle and the hippocampus minor, contained in those
lobes, which are so obvious in man.
But the truth that the three structures in question are as well
developed in apes as in human brains, or even better; and that it is
characteristic of all the Primates (if we exclude the Lemurs) to have
these parts well developed, stands at present on as secure a basis as
any proposition in comparative anatomy. Moreover, it is admitted by
every one of the long series of anatomists who, of late years, have
paid special attention to the arrangement of the complicated sulci and
gyri which appear upon the surface of the cerebral hemispheres in man
and the higher apes, that they are disposed after the very same pattern
in him, as in them. Every principal gyrus and sulcus of a chimpanzee s
brain is clearly represented in that of a man, so that the terminology
which applies to the one answers for the other. On this point there is
no difference of opinion. Some years since, Professor Bischoff
published a memoir (70. Die Grosshirn-Windungen des Menschen;
Abhandlungen der K. Bayerischen Akademie, B. x. 1868.) on the
220