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Opening On the Origin of Species By Means of Natural Selection
Charles Darwin
Public domain text from Project Gutenberg.
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1228 1859, First Edition
22764 1860, Second Edition
2009 1872, Sixth Edition, considered the definitive edition.
On
the Origin of Species
BY MEANS OF NATURAL SELECTION,
OR THE
PRESERVATION OF FAVOURED RACES IN THE STRUGGLE FOR LIFE.
By Charles Darwin, M.A.,
Fellow Of The Royal, Geological, Linn an, Etc., Societies;
Author Of Journal Of Researches During H.M.S. Beagle s Voyage
Round The World.
LONDON:
JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET.
1859.
But with regard to the material world, we can at least go so far as
this we can perceive that events are brought about not by insulated
interpositions of Divine power, exerted in each particular case, but by the
establishment of general laws.
1
W. WHEWELL: _Bridgewater Treatise_.
To conclude, therefore, let no man out of a weak conceit of sobriety, or
an ill-applied moderation, think or maintain, that a man can search too far or
be too well studied in the book of God s word, or in the book of
God s works; divinity or philosophy; but rather let men endeavour an
endless progress or proficience in both.
BACON: _Advancement of Learning_.
_Down, Bromley, Kent,
October_, 1_st_, 1859.
Contents
INTRODUCTION.
1. VARIATION UNDER DOMESTICATION.
2. VARIATION UNDER NATURE.
3. STRUGGLE FOR EXISTENCE.
4. NATURAL SELECTION.
5. LAWS OF VARIATION.
6. DIFFICULTIES ON THEORY.
7. INSTINCT.
8. HYBRIDISM.
9. ON THE IMPERFECTION OF THE GEOLOGICAL RECORD.
10. ON THE GEOLOGICAL SUCCESSION OF OR…
Contents
CHAPTER 3. STRUGGLE FOR EXISTENCE.
Page 3 CHAPTER 6. DIFFICULTIES ON THEORY.
Page 4 CHAPTER 8. HYBRIDISM.
Page 5 CHAPTER 11. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.
Page 6 CHAPTER 14. RECAPITULATION AND CONCLUSION.
Page 7 CHAPTER I.
Page 12 CHAPTER II.
Page 40 CHAPTER III.
Page 52 CHAPTER IV.
Page 66 CHAPTER V.
Page 103 CHAPTER VI.
Page 132 CHAPTER VII.
Page 159 CHAPTER VIII.
Page 187 CHAPTER IX.
Page 211 CHAPTER X.
Page 235 CHAPTER XI.
Page 260 CHAPTER XII.
Page 287 CHAPTER XIII.
Page 307 CHAPTER XIV.
Page 342
and Cautley on mammals of sub-Himalayan beds, 340.
Falkland Island, wolf of, 393.
Faults, 285.
Faunas, marine, 348.
Fear, instinctive, in birds, 212.
Feet of birds, young molluscs adhering to, 385.
Fertility:
of hybrids, 249.
from slight changes in conditions, 267.
of crossed varieties, 267.
Fir-trees:
destroyed by cattle, 71.
pollen of, 203.
Fish:
flying, 182.
teleostean, sudden appearance of, 305.
eating seeds, 362, 387.
fresh-water, distribution of, 384.
Fishes:
ganoid, now confined to fresh water, 107.
electric organs of, 192.
ganoid, living in fresh water, 321.
of southern hemisphere, 376.
Flight, powers of, how acquired, 182.
Flowers:
structure of, in relation to crossing, 97.
of composit and umbellifer , 144.
Forbes, E.:
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