violent expiratory movements. When the eyes are closed as quickly and
as forcibly as possible, to save them from being injured by a blow, the
corrugators contract. With savages or other men whose heads are
uncovered, the eyebrows are continually lowered and contracted to serve
as a shade against a too strong light; and this is effected partly by
the corrugators. This movement would have been more especially
serviceable to man, as soon as his early progenitors held their heads
erect. Lastly, Prof. Donders believes ( Archives of Medicine, ed. by
L. Beale, 1870, vol. v. p. 34), that the corrugators are brought into
action in causing the eyeball to advance in accommodation for proximity
in vision.]
902 (return) [ Mecanisme de la Physionomie Humaine, Album, Legende
iii.]
903 (return) [ Mimik und Physiognomik, s. 46.]
904 (return) [ History of the Abipones, Eng. translat. vol. ii. p.
59, as quoted by Lubbock, Origin of Civilisation, 1870, p. 355.]
905 (return) [ De la Physionomie, pp. 15, 144, 146. Mr. Herbert
Spencer accounts for frowning exclusively by the habit of contracting
the brows as a shade to the eyes in a bright light: see Principles of
Physiology, 2nd edit. 1872, p. 546.]
906 (return) [ Gratiolet remarks (De la Phys. p. 35), Quand
l attention est fixee sur quelque image interieure, l oeil regarde dons
le vide et s associe automatiquement a la contemplation de l esprit.
But this view hardly deserves to be called an explanation.]
907 (return) [ Miles Gloriosus, act ii. sc. 2.]
908 (return) [ The original photograph by Herr Kindermann is much more
expressive than this copy, as it shows the frown on the brow more
plainly.]
909 (return) [ Mecanisme de la Physionomie Humaine, Album, Legende
iv. figs. 16-18.]
910 (return) [ Hensleigh Wedgwood on The Origin of Language, 1866, p.
263