outer two-thirds of the eyebrow the corrugator acts in conjunction with
the upper orbicular muscle; both here standing in antagonism to the
frontal muscle. I am unable to understand, judging from Henle s
drawings (woodcut, fig. 3), how the corrugator can act in the manner
described by Duchenne. See, also, on this subject, Prof. Donders
remarks in the Archives of Medicine, 1870, vol. v. p. 34. Mr. J.
Wood, who is so well known for his careful study of the muscles of the
human frame, informs me that he believes the account which I have given
of the action of the corrugator to be correct. But this is not a point
of any importance with respect to the expression which is caused by the
obliquity of the eyebrows, nor of much importance to the theory of its
origin.]
704 (return) [ I am greatly indebted to Dr. Duchenne for permission to
have these two photographs (figs. 1 and 2) reproduced by the heliotype
process from his work in folio. Many of the foregoing remarks on the
furrowing of the skin, when the eyebrows are rendered oblique, are
taken from his excellent discussion on this subject.]
705 (return) [ Mecanisme de la Phys. Humaine, Album, p. 15.]
706 (return) [ Henle, Handbuch der Anat. des Menschen, 1858, B. i. s.
148, figs. 68 and 69.]
707 (return) [ See the account of the action of this muscle by Dr.
Duchenne, Mecanisme de la Physionomie Humaine, Album (1862), viii. p.
34.]
801 (return) [ Herbert Spencer, Essays Scientific, &c., 1858, p.
360.]
802 (return) [ F. Lieber on the vocal sounds of L. Bridgman,
Smithsonian Contributions, 1851, vol. ii. p. 6.]
803 (return) [ See, also, Mr. Marshall, in Phil. Transact. 1864, p.
526.]
804 (return) [ Mr. Bain ( The Emotions and the Will, 1865, p. 247) has
a long and interesting discussion on the Ludicrous. The quotation above
given about the laughter of the gods is taken from this work. See,
260