{244} Mr. James Wallace has pointed out that it is necessary to take
into consideration the possibility of burrows being made at right angles
to the surface instead of vertically down, in which case the lateral
displacement of the soil would be increased.
{259} Elements of Geology, 1865, p. 20.
{265} Lecons de Geologie pratique, 1845; cinquieme Lecon. All Elie de
Beaumont s arguments are admirably controverted by Prof. A. Geikie in his
essay in Transact. Geolog. Soc. of Glasgow, vol. iii. p. 153, 1868.
{266} Illustrations of the Huttonian Theory of the Earth, p. 107.
{269} Mr. E. Tylor in his Presidential address ( Journal of the
Anthropological Institute, May 1880, p. 451) remarks: It appears from
several papers of the Berlin Society as to the German high-fields or
heathen-fields (Hochacker, and Heidenacker) that they correspond much
in their situation on hills and wastes with the elf-furrows of
Scotland, which popular mythology accounts for by the story of the fields
having been put under a Papal interdict, so that people took to
cultivating the hills. There seems reason to suppose that, like the
tilled plots in the Swedish forest which tradition ascribes to the old
hackers, the German heathen-fields represent tillage by an ancient and
barbaric population.
{284} White of Selborne has some good remarks on the service performed
by worms in loosening, &c., the soil. Edit, by L. Jenyns, 1843, p. 281.
{285} Zeitschrift fur wissenschaft. Zoolog. B. xxviii. 1877, p. 360.
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